Population: Total population and distribution by age and sex estimated to be consistent with the population by age and sex of the (a) 1948, 1962, 1969, 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009, 2019 censuses; (b) adjusted for under/over count; (c) adjusted for age heaping; (d) adjusted for under enumeration of children under age 15; (e) official estimates through 2023; and with estimates of the subsequent trends in fertility, mortality and international migration.  In addition, the population register through 2018 have been considered.

Graphs: Total Population5-year age groupsSingle age distribution

Fertility: Total fertility rate and age pattern of fertility based on: (a) registered births classified by age of mother and the underlying female population by age through 2022; (b) birth-histories data from the 1977-1978 WFS and 1989, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008-2009, 2014 DHS and 2015, 2020 MIS and 2015 PMA-R3 and 2016 PMA-R5 and 2017 PMA-R6 and 2018 PMA-R7; (c) births in the household in the preceding 12 (or 24) months classified by age of mother from the 1962, 1969, 2009, 2019 censuses and 1984 CPS; (d) adjusted fertility using synthetic relational Gompertz model with data on children ever born and births in the preceding 12 (or 24/36) months, both classified by age of mother, from the 1989, 1999 censuses; (e) indirect estimates obtained from the application of the reverse survival method to the 1962, 1969, 1979, 1989, 1999, 2009, 2019 censuses and 2000 MICS and 2015, 2020 MIS and 2022 DHS; (f) indirect estimates obtained from stable population assumption; (g) cohort-completed fertility backdated by the mean age of childbearing from the 1969, 1989, 1999, 2009, 2019 censuses and 1989, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008-2009, 2014, 2022 DHS and 2000 MICS and 2015, 2020 MIS.  In addition, the (a) official estimates of age-specific fertility rates through 2018; (b) birth-histories data from the 2014 PMA-R1 and 2019 PMA-Phase 1; (c) births in the household in the preceding 12 (or 24) months classified by age of mother from the 1989, 1999 censuses; (d) indirect estimates obtained from the application of the reverse survival method to the 1955-2009 Education Stats; (e) cohort-completed fertility backdated by the mean age of childbearing from the 1979 Census have been considered.

Graphs: Total fertility rate5-year age groups

Child Mortality: Under-five mortality based on: (a) registered infant and child deaths through 2021; (b) direct estimates from births and deaths under-five calculated from full birth histories data from the 1977-1978 WFS and 1989, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2008-2009, 2014 DHS; (c) indirect estimates from data on children ever born and surviving from the 1969, 1979, 1989, 1999 censuses and 1977, 1983 NDS and 2000 MICS and 2015, 2020 MIS; (d) recent household deaths from the 2019 Census; (e) International estimates used up to 2021.  In addition, the (a) direct estimates from births and deaths under-five calculated from full birth histories data from the 2022 DHS; (b) indirect estimates from data on children ever born and surviving from the 2019 Census; (c) recent household deaths from the 2009 Census have been considered.

Graphs: Infant MortalityUnder-five Mortality

Overall Mortality: Life expectancy at birth and age pattern of mortality based on: (a) registered deaths by age and sex available through 2021; (b) The demographic impact of AIDS has been factored into the mortality estimates; (c) estimates using HIV/AIDS model life tables and estimates of under-five mortality (5q0) and adult mortality (45q15) with UNAIDS estimates of adult HIV prevalence, and ART coverage for children and adults.

Graphs: Life expectancy at birthLife expectancy at ageAge specific mortality rate

Adult and Old Age Mortality: Estimates derived from: (a) recent household deaths data by age and sex from the 2007 AIS and 2019 Census; (b) recent household deaths adjusted at adult ages for underregistration using death distribution methods; (c) siblings deaths from the 2003, 2008-2009, 2014 DHS; (d) maternal orphanhood from the 1977, 1983 NDS and 1979, 1989, 1999 censuses and 1993, 1998 DHS and 2000 MICS; (e) paternal orphanhood from the 1977, 1983 NDS and 1979, 1989, 1999 censuses and 1993, 1998 DHS and 2000 MICS; (f) indirect estimates of male adult mortality based on female widowhood data from the 1977 NDS and 2000 MICS; (g) intercensal survivorship from successive census age distributions; (h) estimates of under-five, adult and old age mortality.  In addition, the (a) recent household deaths data by age and sex from the 2009 Census; (b) siblings deaths from the 1998 DHS; (c) maternal orphanhood from the 1969 Census and 1973 DBS and 2003 DHS; (d) paternal orphanhood from the 1969 Census and 1973 DBS and 2003 DHS; (e) intercensal survivorship from successive census age distributions have been considered.

Graphs: Adult mortality

Migration: International migration based on: (a) information on foreign-born populations from censuses and registers from major countries of destination; (b) estimates derived as the differences between overall population growth and natural increase; (c) UNHCR statistics on the number of refugees in the main countries of asylum.

Graphs: Total net migration