Nepal
Population: Total population and distribution by age and sex estimated to be consistent with the population by age and sex of the (a) 1952-1954, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001, 2011 censuses; (b) adjusted for under/over count; (c) adjusted for age heaping; (d) adjusted for under enumeration of children under age 15; (e) 1985-1986 FFPS survey estimates; (f) official estimates through 2021; (g) only total population for 2021 Census; and with estimates of the subsequent trends in fertility, mortality and international migration.
Fertility: Total fertility rate and age pattern of fertility based on: (a) official estimates of age-specific fertility rates through 2011; (b) birth-histories data from the 1985-1986 FFPS and 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 DHS and 2014, 2019 MICS; (c) births in the household in the preceding 12 (or 24) months classified by age of mother from the 1961, 1971, 1981, 2001, 2011 censuses and 1974-1978, 1986-1987 DSS and 1976 WFS and 1981 CPS and 1991-1992 FFPHS; (d) adjusted fertility using Brass P/F ratio method (or variants) with data on children ever born and births in the preceding 12 (or 24/36) months, both classified by age of mother, from the 1986-1987 DSS and 1995-1996, 2003-2004 LSMS; (e) adjusted fertility using Arriaga modified P/F ratio method with data on children ever born and births in the preceding 12 (or 24/36) months, both classified by age of mother, from the 1995-1996 LSMS and 2011 Census; (f) adjusted fertility using synthetic relational Gompertz model with data on children ever born and births in the preceding 12 (or 24/36) months, both classified by age of mother, from the 1961, 1971, 1981 censuses and 1976 WFS and 1986-1987 DSS and 1991-1992 FFPHS; (g) indirect estimates obtained from the application of the reverse survival method to the 1952-1954, 1961, 1971, 1981, 1991 censuses and 1985-1986 FFPS; (h) indirect estimates obtained from the application of the own-children method of fertility estimation to the 1976 WFS and 1991-1992 FFPHS and 1995-1996 LSMS; (i) cohort-completed fertility backdated by the mean age of childbearing from the 1961, 1971, 2001, 2011 censuses and 1995-1996, 2003-2004, 2010-2011 LSMS and 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 DHS and 2014, 2019 MICS. In addition, the (a) birth-histories data from the 1976 WFS; (b) adjusted fertility using Brass P/F ratio method (or variants) with data on children ever born and births in the preceding 12 (or 24/36) months, both classified by age of mother, from the 2010-2011 LSMS; (c) indirect estimates obtained from the application of the reverse survival method to the 1956-2013 Education Stats and 2001, 2011 censuses; (d) cohort-completed fertility backdated by the mean age of childbearing from the 1976 WFS and 1981, 1991 censuses and 1991-1992 FFPHS have been considered.
Child Mortality: Under-five mortality based on: (a) registered infant and child deaths through 1981; (b) direct estimates from births and deaths under-five calculated from full birth histories data from the 1976 WFS and 1991-1992 FFPHS and 1996, 2001, 2006, 2011, 2016 DHS and 2014, 2019 MICS; (c) recent household deaths from the 2011 Census; (d) International estimates used up to 2021. In addition, the (a) direct estimates from births and deaths under-five calculated from full birth histories data from the 1974-1978 DSS and 1981 CPS and 1985-1986 FFPS; (b) indirect estimates from data on children ever born and surviving from the 1971, 1981, 1991, 2001 censuses; (c) recent household deaths from the 1981, 1991, 2001 censuses have been considered.
Overall Mortality: Life expectancy at birth and age pattern of mortality based on: estimates using CD West model life tables and estimates of under-five mortality (5q0), and adult mortality (45q15).
Adult and Old Age Mortality: Estimates derived from: (a) recent household deaths data by age and sex from the 1981, 1991, 2011 censuses; (b) recent household deaths adjusted at adult ages for underregistration using death distribution methods; (c) siblings deaths from the 1996, 2006, 2016 DHS; (d) estimates of under-five, adult and old age mortality. In addition, the recent household deaths data by age and sex from the 2001 Census have been considered.
Migration: International migration based on: (a) information on foreign-born populations from censuses and registers from major countries of destination; (b) information on the number of workers receiving clearances to work abroad; (c) estimates derived as the differences between overall population growth and natural increase; (d) UNHCR statistics on the number of refugees in the main countries of asylum.